20th century · 1877–1938
Who influenced Muhammad Iqbal?
Influences
Poet-philosopher of the self and the reconstruction of Islamic thought.
Muhammad Iqbal was influenced by Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri Bergson. That is 2 lines of the 448 documented lines of influence between the 279 thinkers on this map.
Read on Wikipedia Portrait: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Public domain See the whole map
Who was Muhammad Iqbal?
Muhammad Iqbal grew up in Sialkot in Punjab, taught Arabic in Lahore, then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, qualified as a barrister and took a doctorate in Munich in 1908 on metaphysics in Persia. His poetry in Urdu and Persian, including Asrar-e-Khudi and Bang-e-Dara, is among the most admired of the 20th century.
His lectures The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (1930) called for a spiritual and political revival of the Muslim world. In his Allahabad Address of 1930 he proposed a political framework for the Muslim-majority regions of north-western India, and when Pakistan was founded in 1947, nine years after his death, it honoured him as its national poet.
Summarized from the lead of the Wikipedia article.
Who influenced Muhammad Iqbal?
2 direct influences on this map, earliest first.
- Friedrich Nietzsche 1844–1900
- Henri Bergson 1859–1941
The line of teachers behind Muhammad Iqbal
The longest documented line of influence ending at Muhammad Iqbal runs 25 generations back, to Thales of Miletus.
- Thales of Miletus
- Anaximenes of Miletus
- Anaxagoras
- Socrates
- Antisthenes
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Crates of Thebes
- Zeno of Citium
- Seneca
- Tertullian
- Augustine of Hippo
- Anselm of Canterbury
- Peter Lombard
- Thomas Aquinas
- René Descartes
- Thomas Hobbes
- Baruch Spinoza
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
- Christian Wolff
- Immanuel Kant
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte
- F. W. J. Schelling
- Georg W. F. Hegel
- Max Stirner
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Muhammad Iqbal
Two steps away from Muhammad Iqbal
Indirect influences
Contemporaries of Muhammad Iqbal
Thinkers on this map born within 25 years of Muhammad Iqbal, with no direct line between them.
- Semyon Frank 1877–1950
- Max Scheler 1874–1928
- Nikolai Berdyaev 1874–1948
- Ernst Cassirer 1874–1945
- G. E. Moore 1873–1958
- Bertrand Russell 1872–1970
- Pavel Florensky 1882–1937
- Karl Jaspers 1883–1969
Muhammad Iqbal by the numbers
- Direct influences
- 2
- Direct followers
- 0
- Thinkers upstream
- 95
- Thinkers downstream
- 0
- Wikipedia languages
- 85 — #17 of 84 among 20th-century philosophers
- Card rarity
- Epic
Schools and lineages
- Non-Western: Confucius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Xunzi, Nagarjuna, Adi Shankara, Ramanuja, Dōgen, Kitarō Nishida, Muhammad Iqbal
Questions about Muhammad Iqbal
- Who influenced Muhammad Iqbal?
- Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri Bergson.
- Who did Muhammad Iqbal influence?
- No later thinker on this map is recorded as drawing directly on Muhammad Iqbal.
- When did Muhammad Iqbal live?
- 1877–1938. The map files Muhammad Iqbal under the 20th century.
- How rare is the Muhammad Iqbal card?
- Wikipedia carries an article on Muhammad Iqbal in 85 languages, which makes it an Epic card. Legendary starts at 100 languages, Epic at 50 and Rare at 25.
More 20th-century philosophers
- Jean-Paul Sartre 1905–1980
- Albert Camus 1913–1960
- Max Weber 1864–1920
- Simone de Beauvoir 1908–1986
- Bertrand Russell 1872–1970
- Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889–1951
- Martin Heidegger 1889–1976
- Umberto Eco 1932–2016