20th century · 1895–1973
Who did Max Horkheimer influence?
Students and legacy
Founder of critical theory: reason becomes instrumental and turns on its makers.
Max Horkheimer influenced Jürgen Habermas. That is 1 line of the 448 documented lines of influence between the 279 thinkers on this map.
Read on Wikipedia Portrait: Jeremy J. Shapiro, CC BY-SA 3.0 See the whole map
Who was Max Horkheimer?
Max Horkheimer is best known for developing critical theory as director of the Institute for Social Research, the home of the Frankfurt School. His materialist theory of reason and society examined the rise of instrumental reason, the weakening of truth and individual autonomy, the roots of authoritarianism and how capitalism reproduces domination.
His main works are Eclipse of Reason (1947), Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), written with Theodor Adorno, and the essays he wrote in the 1930s for the institute's journal. As director he also planned and made possible much of the institute's other work.
Summarized from the lead of the Wikipedia article.
Who did Max Horkheimer influence?
1 thinker on this map draws directly on Max Horkheimer.
- Jürgen Habermas 1929–2026
Contemporaries of Max Horkheimer
Thinkers on this map born within 25 years of Max Horkheimer, with no direct line between them.
- Mikhail Bakhtin 1895–1975
- Roman Jakobson 1896–1982
- Roman Ingarden 1893–1970
- Walter Benjamin 1892–1940
- Herbert Marcuse 1898–1979
- Antonio Gramsci 1891–1937
- Edith Stein 1891–1942
- Rudolf Carnap 1891–1970
Max Horkheimer by the numbers
- Direct influences
- 0
- Direct followers
- 1
- Thinkers upstream
- 0
- Thinkers downstream
- 1
- Wikipedia languages
- 55 — #43 of 84 among 20th-century philosophers
- Card rarity
- Epic
Schools and lineages
- Frankfurt School: György Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Jürgen Habermas
Questions about Max Horkheimer
- Who influenced Max Horkheimer?
- No earlier thinker on this map is recorded as a direct influence on Max Horkheimer.
- Who did Max Horkheimer influence?
- Jürgen Habermas.
- When did Max Horkheimer live?
- 1895–1973. The map files Max Horkheimer under the 20th century.
- How rare is the Max Horkheimer card?
- Wikipedia carries an article on Max Horkheimer in 55 languages, which makes it an Epic card. Legendary starts at 100 languages, Epic at 50 and Rare at 25.
More 20th-century philosophers
- Jean-Paul Sartre 1905–1980
- Albert Camus 1913–1960
- Max Weber 1864–1920
- Simone de Beauvoir 1908–1986
- Bertrand Russell 1872–1970
- Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889–1951
- Martin Heidegger 1889–1976
- Umberto Eco 1932–2016